Analysis of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Essay -- Brave New World

Analysis of Brave New World by Aldous HuxleyBrave New World by Aldous Huxley was published in 1932 after two major(ip)global levelts- World War Two from 1914-1918 and The Great Depressionof 1929-1933. These two events changed the way people saw the gentlemanand made people see the events were beyond the control of individualsand even governments. Also at this time the world was seeing the risein technology and the view that science could help solve any(prenominal) of theproblems. Much of the technology has been developed because of the warand the mass of people had suffered because of it.All problems with society led to a rise in totalitarian regimes suchas those in Russia, Italy and Germany. Huxley uses the novel toquestion the usefulness of the one party state and shows how iteliminates freedom for the individual. Also in his dystopia, he looksat many areas that we have in our own society such as family,relationships, education, social classes and the role of theindividual in so ciety. He shows how far the new world has moved awayfrom constitution- they even condition the children to avoid it. Thereservation is the only place that has nature and spirituality but italso has its own set of problems that come with freedom.ThemesIn The WildIn BNW nature has been eliminated in the civilised world andindividuals are conditioned to avoid it. For example, in chapter 2, wesee babies who crawl towards flowers and books and are conditioned toavoid them by noise, bells and voltaic shocks. The children are beingconditioned because A love of nature keeps no factories busy. We seethe psychological training show its effect in Leninas reaction to anyform of the natural world. For example, her reaction ... ... Sebastian isbrilliant but alone Deckard is alone as is Tyrell who is symbolicallya God and is the most flop man in the film. Even people on thestreet seem hurried and alienated, struggling to survive. Theirattitude to nature is non-existent because for most people the naturalworld doesnt exist anymore. Some individuals, like replicants, carrymemories but nothing real seems to exist.People relationship with and attitudes to nature is complex in bothBNW and BR. In the BNW individuals who live in the city areconditioned to hate nature and this is life long. Those that live onthe Reservation struggle to survive and nature is a complex anddifficult part of their lives. The setting in BR has eliminated thenatural world and consumed all of its resources. The people havelittle or no nature to relate to and these determine their attitude.

Warriors of the Amazon :: Yanomami Tribe

In the Amazon between Venezuela and Brazil, there is a kinfolk of native hatful known as the Yanomami. The Yanomami are an ancient people who are relatively unaffected by the civilizations and technology of today. They are a husbandry of hunting and gathering. The men are warriors that help to defend the tribe from other tribes, hunt for meat, and attack opposing tribes. The women stay home and cook, raise the children. Many people stay in the shibono, or community complex. The children are raised for a rough life, to be warriors. They learn that every injury suffered must be repaid. manpower are the powerful gender, with all the rights. The relationships created by having in-laws are the basis for their power. If a favor is granted, it must be returned. A soul is always supposed to be loyal to their family connections. A shaman is appointed to be the head of the tribe. Spirituality is a very important, everyday thing. The tribe is constantly at war with demons. at that place are ritual hallucinogens that are used for contact with spirit and the spirit world. The spirits control events in life which the shaman attempt to harness. The shaman gains the powers of these spirits by going to the spirit world, and he uses these to put curses on enemy shamans and heal tribe members from the vices of demons. Diseases and illnesses are causes by the demons and as such can and be heal by spiritual power.When someone dies their bones are burned and crushed into ash and consumed by the relatives. It puts a persons soul at peace to find a resting place within their family, it would be an abomination to bury them in the ground. Once this ceremony is finished the person is gone. Their name or person is never to be mentioned again.Enemy tribes fight and put curses on each other. To become allies again they must trade and negotiate. Then, the tribes combine together with a large peace celebration. They conduct a dance in ceremonial dress and test each others strength.

Business Ethics Essay -- Business Ethics Morals

In todays global society, a enter of Ethics policy is used to label established, acceptable behaviors among that industrys business associates, potential investors, and the corporations executive officers and employees, and most important, the consumer (Ethics Resource Center, 2003). In an attempt to promote an increased efficiency and productivity potential level, among employees and prospective clients, a corporations standard Code of Ethics should guide its members toward a more in-depth examination of their personal moral activity, and how these actions affect the people or acquaintances they encounter. A corporation should utilize this scheme as a model for the master copy behaviors and responsibilities of its constituents, and proves the occupational advancement of that business. Ethics are important in every level of a corporation, but specifically in the day-to-day actions of its members, and the image the company broadcasts to its associates is fundamental in building a stable business foundation. These pledges are a vital communication tool used to covey the firms standards for business operations, and predominantly, its relationships with the surrounding communities (Ethics Resource Center, 2003). The statement made in this example for discussion has credibility to a certain extent, but there are invariably reactions to any action, as stated in the basic laws of physics. This also holds true when scrutinizing the actions of a brain surgeon, a reporter, or an employee at a fast-food restaurant. The significance may not seem to be equal when determining the impact level of these jobs, but the individual attempts to perform at the highest possible intensity should always be the main goal (Horngr... ...s quite different after a new approach is applied to a specific situation, but a majority of the time, this strategy will provide the best possible action that should be applied to achieve a more balanced ethical code (Markkula C enter for employ Ethics, 2008). References Ethics Resource Center (2003). Why Have a Code of Conduct? RetrievedSeptember 6, 2008 from http//www.ethics.org/resources/wy-have-code.asp Horngren, C. & Harrison, W. (2007). Accounting Chapters 1 - 17 (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.Markkula Center for Applied Ethics (2008). A Framework for Thinking Ethically.Santa Clara University. Retrieved September 6, 2008 fromhttp//www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html

Essay on Jocasta in Oedipus the King -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

The Role of Jocasta in Oedipus the King Blessed is the man that endureth temptation for when he is tried, he will hold the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love Him.  (James 112)  Such is the proclamation in the Holy Bible, and so was the proclamation in ancient Greece. Since the founding of religion, the gods have bumpk to test those with power. Jocasta was sent by Apollo to do just that to test Oedipus - the king of Thebes - belief and conviction. Throughout the play, Jocasta tested the beliefs of those around her by feigning disbelief in the gods herself. Though she put up this false front, she did keep her faith. At the beginning of the scene wherein a messenger relayed word of Polybus death and Oedipus ascension to the throne of Corinth, we see Jocasta praying - not the act of a disbeliever at all Again, in the same Episode, Jocasta carries garlands and incense to the altar and tries to appeal to Apollo to purify the city of Thebes.   While her faith remains strong, her task from the gods is to test the faiths of...

Advertising essay :: Business Marketing

denoteAdvertising is a swear out and mechanism unremarkably utilise by some people or some companies trying to sell us products, services and others using different centerings of publishing to suck in their own customer advertising is an important source of incomeIn some developed countries such as United States, where the advertisers job is base on media (Newspapers, Television, magazines, radio) used to push people to drive thru their own The advertisers use media to get people to use their products, Points at issue are _How ads are developed _How the world of advertising touch our life and our community.Long time ago, the advertising mechanism appeared in newspapers. The advertisers tried to find their customers.Advertising mechanism appeared for the first time in newspapers, garner and fax?Were the advertisers trying to catch people by telling them a lot about their products or services, what they are ways to use them and what benef its we get?This process staying in progress, most of advertisers become more powerful day after other using different ways such as TV, magazines, Internet? Advertising has been moved from one person doing it to big companies of advertising around the world and affecting a numerous number of them.Today businesses are usually based on advertising, especially in e-commerce, where these companies use technology provided by the Internet to sharing and letting customers know about their products. This is the way used by colossal cartels attracting and having their own customers.The 20-century represents a very interesting issue where a part of sciences and stilling ahead a studies in the most important university around the world macrocosm a major implicating a different specializations such as, business management, advertising, business management..Became involved in economic world.Today, advertising is provided by e-commerce the most powerful way to attract customers. These developmen ts push the ads companies to spend billions of dollars of in advertising campaigns, internet, TV, magazines , newspapers, ?trying to sell us their different kinds of products and services.Advertising moves today anywhere, anytime, in homes, in our life, in both things we use It Touches our minds, our eyes, anything we think about it.All of these affect our lives, everyone becoming like a robot directed by advertisers and publishers.

More Evidence Needed to Support George Ritzers McDonaldization Thesis :: George Ritzer McDonaldization Thesis

More Evidence Needed to Support George Ritzers McDonaldization ThesisThe McDonaldization Thesis presupposes some familiarity with Ritzers earlier work, The McDonaldization of Society (1993), in which he defines McDonaldization as the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world (1). These principles include efficiency, predictability, calculability (or an violence on quantification), and control (especially via non-human technologies). Taken together, they constitute the formal (functional or instrumental) rationalness that undergirds McDonaldization. In the present work, Ritzer continues to sound the solicitude by depicting McDonaldization as a largely one-way process in which a series of American innovations are being aggressively exported to much(prenominal) of the rest of the world (8).Although the author acknowledges that the McDonaldization thesis is rooted in We bers reflections on rationality, specifically the notion of the iron cage of rationality, he prefers the simplicity of Mannheims thinking on the subject. The latter, for example, locates the fundamental irrationality of highly rationalized systems, such as McDonaldized ones, in threats to the ability to think whereas, the former emphasizes threats to human values, an area the author deems unnecessarily messy for the purposes of his supposed analysis. The author further justifies this position by noting the cognitive demands of the present post-industrial system in which human beings live. Indeed, it is the dehumanization resulting from the simultaneous increase in functional rationality and decrease in substantive rationality, which rationalized systems demand and perpetuate, that animates the author.The author introduces the concept of the new kernel of consumption to illustrate the ways in which not only business, and heathen, practices are threatened by McDonaldization. Defin ed as those things owned by capitalists and rendered by them as necessary to customers in order for them to consume (91), examples of the new means of consumption include fast-food restaurants, credit cards, mega-malls, home shopping television networks, and cybermalls. The critical point for the author is that each changes the ways individuals consume. For example, the exportation of fast-food restaurants and American eating habits, with their emphasis on food as something to be consumed as quickly, efficiently, and inexpensively as possible, alters the way people eat and, thereby, poses a profound threat to the entire cultural complex of many societies (8). There is a distinct normative dimension to the concept of the new means of consumption, which is evident in the authors insistence that they constrain individuals to taint more than they need and to spend more than they should (119).

An Inspector Calls Essay

How does the way Priestley creates dramatic tension in the play encourage the audience to sympathise with his views?Priestley wrote An Inspector C whollys at once after the Second World warfare. He sets the play in the period just before the First World War in 1912, both were periods of a lot of social change. Priestley sets out to entertain his audience with a dramatic play full of suspense. Priestleys views in the play seem to be on the whole about morals. That it is important to look after each other, and that all people should be treated equally and be able to dream of a best(p) life. Priestley ensures that he gets across his strong socialist ideas. He offers the audience a rather foolish, self obsessed upper class family. By way of note he offers us quizzer Goole as a very clever, classless hero of the play. During the play he develops most characters as immoral and with limited intellect. hieratical adds dramatic tension to the play by the theatre lighting. In the beginnin g the room starts of in soft lighting, but when the examiner arrives the lighting becomes brighter and harsher, almost uniform a spotlight shining, so everyone focuses only on him. He also highlights the contrast in the wealthy clothes of the Billings and the Crofts, also the lavish furnishings of the home compared with the inspector who looks relatively plain.Arthur Birling, who is the master(prenominal) character accused by the inspector, doesnt care about anyone unless they make him richer or improves his social standing. He is a stupid humans and says intimacys in his speech which turned out to be untrue. The Unsinkable Titanic and that there would never be a war with Germany. He sacked Eva smith because of his greed and the lack of conceiveing, he only wishing cheap labour (so more(prenominal) money for himself). He couldnt understand that Eva Smith needed more to live on. He thinks that Geralds family is socially superior, so he wants to impress them by saying he is ge tting a knighthood. Priestley does not make his main character very attractive and give him all the characteristics that are not desirable or likeable, so getting the audience to sympathise with his socialist views. mavin of the moments of dramatic tensions occurs when Gerald confesses to Sheila about his affair with Eva, and that they must keep it from the Inspector because he has no part in her suicide Im sorry, Shelia. But it was all over and done with, last summer. I hadnt set eyes on the girl for at least six months. I dont come into this suicide business. Sheila doesnt agree just as the Inspector opens the door he says, Well? Priestley is showing the audience at this point, zippo in the family can see any connections with their actions and the fate of this young girl.The end of act three is also dramatic as it is the moment when Eric turns on his sustain parents and sister. He tells his mother she killed Eva. Along with his baby, her grandchild and tells her she doesnt under stand anything. Mrs Birling (very distressed now) counters by saying I didnt know/ I didnt understand. Eric responds to this by almost threatening her You dont understand anything. You never did. You never even tried.Another point of tension was when Gerald said that the inspector wasnt a police officer. Mr Birling was very angry and repeated He wasnt an Inspector, but excitedly By jingo A fake. Mrs Birling acts as though she knew he was a fake all along, I felt it all the time. He never talked like one. He never talked like one. He never even looked like one. She acts as though she knows it all. This confused the audience and made them think and made them want to know more.The most dramatic scene is at the end, when after convincing the audience that it was a hoax when Shelia first suspects him was he really a police inspector? and Geralds confirmation was after he came back from his breath of fresh air that there is no inspector Goole then the whole thing become shocking. Priestl y makes his play dramatic by including a death with a huge twist at the end. The ending changes the play from a aversion investigation into maybe something supernatural. Normally at the end of a play everything is sorted out, but not in this one. Priestly doesnt give an comment about who inspector Goole was. This increases the mystery surrounding him, which lifts the amount of tension in the play.Priestleys play was very topical and relevant in his day when communism was sweeping the world and people were living in restless times. He wasnt particularly subtle about how he got his message across he didnt offer a balanced view. His main points concerning selfishness and greed are still as important today. Priestly survived the World War One trenches and this probably helped him form many of his views of the world. He taught us that you can have a huge effect by peoples lives on what you say and do, and that people can change e.g. Shelia and Eric changed from understanding what the inspector said so they change their views and feelings. We are all responsible for each other.

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Dr. A. Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany Essay

The following schooling for this biopsychosocial assessment of Dra. Annie Elizabeth Bessie Del whatsoever was found from the autobiography of Bessie and her sister, Sadie (Delany, Delany, & Hearth, 1993). Bessie Delany was born in 1891, she is the third lady friend of Henry and Nanny Delany. she studied at Columbia University and she became the second female dentists in New York. In that time the segregation, violence, and discrimination took a big divorce of Delany family, and her p arnt had a very difficult time raising their family. Bessie and her parents were involved in politics social activism known as the civil movement. Bessies parents were an cause of life for their children and others in their community. By being a family who succeeded in life. In those days, white peck thought that the success for black was waste of time since at that time it was unusual for black people to become successful in their lifes. sheets (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993).In the book, Ha ving Our Say, Bessie and Sadie Delany reflect on their personal, professional, and social experiences. both(prenominal) Bessie and Sadie would be considered in senior(a) Adulthood as defined by Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2010). At the time that the book was written, Bessie was criticizing the positive and negative. She often got upset as she sees that people were doing the right things. Bessie was the younger of the two sisters, she was a leader, her personality showed anger comparing to her sister that she was very calm. Bessie was reliant on her sister Sadie. For example, Bessie didnt wee a pension and depended upon Sadies Board of Education pension to live throughout retirement. (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993).Biological IssuesDuring the adulthood stage, people have many biological issues same when a person reaches this point in life they begin to face aging problems. One of those issues is the senescence that an individual is affected in different separ take of the bo dy, at various rates due to some parts of the body being stronger and resist aging. Older people regularly suffer the most macroscopic effects of physical appearances, manage shakiness of the hands and legs. Problems with bodily coordination, shoulder struggles, reduced agility, an increase in wrinkles of the skin, and the diminishdown of the Psychomotor skills all occur shortly (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 588-589-590According to the textbook, Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment, the slowdown of the Psychomotor skill specifies that the central nervous system is slowing down the information processing. Older people may come across problems such as difficulty remembering things as well as learning or retaining new information from memory. Problems can arise in certain activities such as driving a car. This can cause an increase in the risk of accidents while they drive. up to now in older adulthood, however, if an individual has a healthy physical and me ntal state, Psychomotor skills can be highly functioning, and the person doesnt have to have these challenges. Not everyone ages at the same rate, this is true for biological functioning (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pp. 588-590).Bessie Delanys Biological DevelopmentBased on descriptions of Bessie in the book, there are a few of examples that may show signs of aging in her adult biological development. Bessie was walking along with her sister and mother when a boy called them grandmas because of their grey hair, slow movements, and wrinkles (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, p. 250). Her body showed her that her youth was gone because they were walking slowly as elders do. Bessie stopped driving a vehicle because of her body changes as her hand movements are diminished, reflexes are different from when she was young. Because of her age, Bessie had alike stopped cutting her trees. She did not feel confident to be climbing a ladder and utilized sheets (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). prize Bessies Development Normal or Healthy? Yes, Bessies biological development was healthy because she still functioned at a high level. She always ate healthily, ate different vegetables every day, and they also included fruits and vitamins. Usually, in her daily routine, she took Vitamins A, B complex, C, D, E, as well as minerals and zinc. Bessie participated in exercises such as yoga, and she also enjoyed cultivating their garden that helped to maintain mental and active physical conditions.Identified Biological Strengths.Bessie had many strengths, despite her age, and she did not lose her vision. She was very independent, motivates her father to become a professional. Her professional goal became a dentist. (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). She decides to be a professional instead of being a mother. She had a very strong character, where she didnt like what she sees, she will protest, especially when she suffered racial attacks. She had a great memory. As she could remember her early childhood. (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 289).Bessies Biological NeedsBessie did not have any outstanding biologicals needs, she was healthy at the age of 101 years old.ReferenceDelaney, Sarah L., Delaney, Annie Elizabeth, Hill-Hearth, Amy (1993). Having our Say. TheDelany Sister First 100 years. N. Y. New York. Dell Publishing a region of RandomHouse, Inc.Zastrow, Charles H. & Kirst-Ashman Karen, K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior andSocial Environment. Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning

If I Were President Essay

If I were president, I would focus on the central issue that will subscribe this country into the future education. Education is the reason we are living in such an advanced time. We have touch screen, motion activated, voice command, and all these terrible things and all we have to thank is education. It has been our roots and rocks for years, and should be for many more to reach our high point.Education, although a long-term invest ment, will benefit this nation bump than bailouts, mandatory health railcare coverage for children, investment in new energy sources, or the withdrawal of troops from Iraq. Although it appears that there are more important, situations that the get together States is facing now, the fact is that with an increase in education comes a decrease in these problems in the future. Without education, society will never understand the effects of drugs, the discrimination between religions, the importance of financial security for emergencies, the requirement for energy independence, or the need for health insurance.Education gives Americans higher wages, job flexibility and security, and growth in American ingenuity however, education also gives one piece for prosperity that neither a government handout or an energy efficient car can bring, hope. One learns that with education come endless opportunities in all aspects. Throughout the world, education has brought hope for people. A chance for education brought hope to the unripened Afghan girl who finally learned to read.Education is one of few things that people can carry with them all their lives. Often times, what we learn in school, sticks with us for a long time to come. The need for Education can never be stressed enough I believe that the more we are sufficient to get children interested in getting their full education earlier in life, more people would be more successful. If we could have strongly educated teachers reaching out to kids and leading them down the path to the ri ght education, I believe more of America would be successful.Had it not been for education, where do you think wed be today? No phone, no internet, no electricity, no anything. We would live in a completely dead place. We would still be using men to carry stone, math to line pyramids up with the stars, leaves as clothes, and stick and stones to fight wars. I would stress education as much as possible because clearly, it was our past, its our present, and it will be out future

Contracts Cases Essay

FACTSAn Agency covenant was entered into between the Mills participation and the appellants appointing the appellants its Agents for a period of 30 years. The appellants throughout worked only as the Agents of the Mills Comp wholly and for the Fasli years 1351 and 1352 they authentic their earnings downstairs the terms of the Agency agreement. Notice was sent to the appellants to pay the add together of tax appertaining to these chargeable accounting periods. The appellants submitted their accounts and contended that the remuneration received by them from the Mills partnership was not taxable on the ground that it is was not income, profits or gains from business and was outside the pale of the Excess gelt Tax Regulation. The Excess Profits Tax Officer made an order assessing the income of the appellants for the accounting periods 1351 and 1352 Fasli at Rs. 8,957 and Rs. 83,768 respectively and assessed the tax accordingly.ISSUES1. Whether under the terms of the agreement th e supplicant is an employee of the Mills participation or is unraveling on business? 2. Whether the remuneration received from the Mills is on account of service or is the remuneration for business? abridgment OF THE FACTS1. The appellants were registered as a private limited comp any(prenominal) having their registered office in Bombay and the objects for which they were incorporated were the following To act as elements for political sympathiess or Authorities or for any bankers, manufactures merchants, shippers, Joint Stock Companies and new(prenominal)s and carry on all kinds of agency business. 2. Under the Articles of Association of the Mills Company the appellants and their assigns were appointed the agents of the Company. The general solicitude of the business of the Company subject to the control and supervision of the Directors, was to be in the hands of the Agents of the Company. They were to stick power to appoint and employ in or for the purposes of the transact ion and management of the someoneal matters and business of the Company.The agents were authorized to sub-delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions for the time being vested in them. 3. The Agency agreement which was executed provided that the appellants and their assign were to be the Agents of the Company for a period of 30 years from the date of registration of the Company and they were to continue to act as such agents until they of their own will resigned. 4. The remuneration of the appellants as such Agents was to be a commission of 2 1/2 per cent on the amount of sale proceeds of all screw thread textile and other produce of the Company. The appellants were to be paid in addition all expenses and charges actually incurred by them in connection with the business of the Company and supervision and management thereof.JUDGMENT1. An agent is to be distinguished on the one hand from a servant, and on the other from an free-living reduceor. A servant acts under the say control and supervision of his master, and is bound to conform to all reasonable orders given him in the course of his work an independent contractor, on the other hand, is entirely independent of any control or interference and merely undertakes to produce a specified result, employing his own means to produce that result. An agent, though bound to shape his license in accordance with all rightful instructions which may be given to him from time to time by his principal, is not subject in its exercise to the direct control or supervision of the principal. An agent, as such is not a servant, but a servant is generally for some purposes his masters implied agent, the extent of the agency depending upon the duties or position of the servant.2. The difference between the relations of master and servant and of principal and agent may be said to be this a principal has the right to direct what work the agent has to do but a master has the further right to direct how the work is to be done. 3. In the present discipline, the powers did not spell a direct control and supervision of the Directors as of a master over his servant but accomplished the appellants the agents of the Company who were to exercise their power subject to the control and supervision of the Directors but were not subject in such exercise to the direct control or supervision of the principals. 4. The remuneration by port of commission of 2 1/2 per cent. of the amount of sale proceeds of the produce of the Company savoured more of the remuneration given by a principal to his agent in the carrying out of the general management of the business of the principals than of wages or salary which would not unremarkably be on such a basis.5. All these circumstances together with the power of sub-delegation go to establish that the appellants were the agents of the Company and not merely the servants of the Company stipendiary by wages or salary. 6. The objects of the appellants in thi s case inter alia were to act as agents for Governments or Authorities or for any bankers, manufacturers, merchants, shippers, Joint Stock Companies and others and carry on all kinds of agency business. This object standing by itself would comprise inwardly its ambit the activities of the appellants as the agents of the Company and constitute the work which they did by way of general management of the business of the company an agency business.Apart however from this there is the further fact that there was a continuity of operations which effected the activities of the appellants in the general management of the Company a business. 7. All these factors taken into consideration along with the fixity of tenure, the nature of remuneration and the assignability of their rights, are sufficient to enable us to come to the conclusion that the activities of the appellants as the agents of the Company constituted a business and the remuneration which the appellants received from the Comp any under the terms of the Agency savvy was income, profits or gain from business. 8. The appellants were therefore rightly assessed for excess profits tax and these appeals must stand dismissed with costs. 2. P. Krishna Bhatta And Ors. vs Mundila Ganapathi Bhatta1955 MAD HCFACTSThe dispute in this case relates to three items of properties, viz., two parcels of land used for raising paddy and arecanut in Kedila village and a coffee estate in Coorg,ISSUESwhether in regard to these items of properties Ganapathi Bhatta was benamidar and homely owner? (IRRELEVANT ISSUE FOR US) whether Section 66, C.P.C. applies to the transactions relating to the two items or Kedila properties, in regard to which two sale certificates have been issued in favour of Ganapathi Bhatta. The other alleged(a) in the pleadings that Ganapathi Bhatta was an agent for the joint family of Bheernayya throughout these transactions and that therefore the prohibition under Section 66, C.P.C., would not apply to this case. Ganapathi Bhatta by no stretch of imagery can be described as the agent of Bheemayya for the purpose of buying this property in Court auction sale.PRINCIPLEIn statutory phraseology, every(prenominal) mortal who acts for other is not an agent. A domestic servant renders to his master a personal service a person may till anothers field or tend his Hocks or work in his shop or factory or mine or may be assiduous upon his roads or ways one may act for another in aiding in the performance of his Legal or contractual obligations to trio persons, as when he serves a public carrier, warehouse-man or innkeeper in performance of the latters duties to the public. In none of these capacities he is an agent within the above meaning as he is not acting for another in dealings with ternion persons. It is only when he acts as representative of the other in business negotiations, that is to say, in the creation, modification, or termination of contractual obligations between that other and the trinity persons, that he is an agent.Representation of another in business negotiations with third persons so as to bind such other by his own acts as if they were done by the former, is of the essence of the relation of agency and the distinguishing feature between art agent and other persons who act for another. Looked at from this point of view, an agency is a contract of employment for the purpose of bringing another-in legal relation with a third party or in other words, the contract between the principal and agent is primarily a contract of employment to bring him into legal relation with a third party Or to contract such business as may be going on between him and the third party.An agent is thus a person either actually or by law held to be authorised and employed by any person to bring hint into contractual or other legal relations with a third party. He is a representative vested with authority, real or ostensible, to score voluntary primary obligations for his principal by making promises or representations to third persons calculated induce them to change their legal relations. Representative character and derivative authority may briefly be said to be the distinguishing features of an agent.HOLDINGIt is not stated in the pleadings in the present case as to when precisely Ganapathi Bhatta was constituted an agent, or on what terms he was so constituted or when the agency was got terminated or other details to spell out an agency. HE IS NOT AN AGENT. SIDE NOTE The karta is not the agent, or trustee of the joint family, but his position has been described as like that of a chairman of a committee 3.Loon Karan Sohan Lal vs Firm John And Co. And Ors.1967 All HCFactsThe defendant had entered into an agreement with the defendant for the deliver of 15 bales of yarn. Since the plaintiff did not deliver on time, he went on to sue his principal, the govt. Of assam. Mr. Misra argued that the plaintiff was appointed by the Assam Government as their agent to perform the duties of procuring yarn and if in the performance of his duties as agent he suffered loss he is entitled under Sections 222 and 223 of the Contract Act to be reimbursed by the Assam Government as principal. The agreement between the plaintiff and govt. Of Assam stated This agreement made between the Governor of Assam represented by the Additional Secretary in th Department of Supply (Textile) hereinafter called the Govt. of the one part and M/s Loonkaran Sohanla hereinafter called the agent of the other part. The agent has been appointed for the purpose of procuring yarfor the month of August and September 1948 on the following terms and conditions.JUDGEMETBut in my opinion the description of the plaintiff in the agreement Ex. C-l and in the letter Ex. 47 as the agent of the Assam government is not conclusive. The court must turn up the true nature of the agreement and the subsequent dealings between the parties, and then decide whether it established a relati onship of agency under the law. It is common image that the word agent is frequently used to describe a relationship which is not an agency in law. an agent primarily means a person employed for the purpose of placing the principal in contractual or other relations with a third party and it is essential to an agency of this character that a third party should be in existence or contemplated. The agreement Ex. C-l does not suggest, even by implication, that the plaintiff was to represent the Assam Government in any transaction or dealings with any other party or parties. No such parties were mentioned in the agreement or in contemplation of the signatories to the agreement.The dole out of the plaintiff after the agreement shows that he never functioned as the agent of the Assam Government. He entered into the agreement of sale of yarn with John and Co. in his own elevate and on his own behalf he paid the price from his own pocket and did not debit it to the Assam Government he re garded himself as the owner of the goods and filed this suit in his own name. He might have been advised, when things went wrong, that the Assam Government had described him as their agent and were therefore liable to reimburse him for theloss suffered by him in the discharge of his obligations under the agreement. He is entitled to our sympathy, but he cannot in the circumstances ask this Court to make the Government liable for his losses. Mr. Misra contended that even if the plaintiff was not employed under the agreement to represent the Assam Government in dealings with third persons, he was appointed for the purpose of procuring yarn for the Assam Government and thus employed to do any act for another and this made him an agent under Section 182.I am unable to agree. There are several answers to this argument. First. it is based on a misapprehension of the words a person employed to do an act for another in Section 182 of the Contract Act. There is a preeminence between a perso n employed In do an act for another and a person who does an act at the bidding if another. In the first-class honours degree place the act done is not that of the person employed but of him who employs him in the second, the act is that of the person himself Again, in the first case, the person employed is an agent of the employer, in the second, he merely acts at the request of another. Then again in the first case, under Section 222 the person is entitled to be indemnified against the consequences of all lawful acts done by him in the exercise of his authority as an agent, in the latter, he is entitled to be indemnified only if there is a contract of indemnity to this effect.If the plaintiff had been employed to corrupt and sell cotton yarn on behalf of the Government of Assam, or asked by them to distribute yarn, belonging to the Government, he would have been their agent under Section 182 of the Contract Act and entitled to be indemnified for the consequences of all lawful ac ts done by him But the plaintiff, under the agreement, was to purchase yarn from others and sell it to consumers in Assam The utmost he can claim is that he entered into a transaction of sale with John & Co at the bidding of the Government of Assam.But there was no undertaking by that Government, either under the agreement exhibit C-1 or any other to indemnify the plaintiff against loss. 10. by and by a careful analysis of the agreement Exhibit C, I am of the opinion that it is really a license conferring upon the plaintiff the exclusive right to purchase yarn and sell it to consumers within the province of Assam. Though the plaintiff is called an agent, he was no more an agent in law than a licensee under a permit to sell intoxicating liquor subject to terms and conditions specified in the permit. Here a representative character would be required for him to be an agent which is absent.4. Unit Trust Of India vs Ravinder Kumar ShuklaThe Appellant is a statutory corporation establish ed under Section 3 of the UTI Act, 1963. As part of its activities the Appellants float miscellaneous schemes. Under the various schemes from time to time, the Appellant issue cheques towards maturity amount of the units purchased and/or towards repurchase value. It appears that the Appellant normally draw Account Payee, Non-transferable and Not conveyable cheques and send them to the payee by registered post.The Appellant started receiving a large number of complaints from unit holders alleging non-receipt of the cheques. In all 1600 unit holders had not received cheques of the value of app. Rs. 3 Crores 35 lakhs.All these cheques were intercepted, new accounts opened in Banks/Post Offices in the names of payees of the cheques and thereafter the moneis were withdrawn leaving a minimum balance in the accounts. In respect of this colossal fraud, F.I.Rs. have been lodged, investigations and prosecution are in progress. The question before this Court is whether the loss is to be born e by the unit holder payee and/or by the Appellant. The answer to this question would depend on whether the post office was acting as an agent of the unit holder and/or the Appellant. Thus the law is that in the absence of any contract or request from the payee, mere posting would not amount to payment.In cases where there is no contract or request, either express or implied, the post office would continue to act as the agent of the drawer. In that case the loss is of the drawer. (drawer here is the appellant) any test copy of any contract that the amounts could be sent by post or any proof that any request had been made by any of the payees that the amount be sent by post. Mr. Bhat was also asked whether there was any proof of any practice from which it can be implied that the payee had requested/consented to have the cheques sent by post, since the prrof of such a contract could not be established. Appellant/ drawer held liable.

Iceland Crisis and Causes Led to the Crisis

Iceland and the rest of the world reeling. In retrospect Iceland was essentially operatinglike a firm with a highly unvi up to(p) growth model. However, the policy-making relational relationship between Iceland and Britain also greatly added to the scotch d letturn and fiscalcrisis. Britains use of anti-terrorism laws, in an attempt to protect their economicalinvestments in Iceland, essentially labeled Iceland as a terrorist state which onlycontinued to stagnate the influx of irrelevant great(p).Although without a doubt the primarycause of the Icelandic financial crisis was economic, political factors such as therelationship and interdependence between Iceland and Britain exacerbated the alreadydire situation. Iceland began as an isolated, fairly impoverished country whose survival was based largely on its fishing trade. 1 However, in recent years Iceland had been successfulat establishing itself as a chancellor offshore banking hub. At peerless repoint Icelanders wereecsta tic and celebrated the fact that their tiny country of about 300,000 people had 3 banks in the worlds largest 300 banks. 2The Icelandic regime was able to enticeforeign investors by setting interest rates very high, which encouraged foreigners toinvest largely in financial assets. The large inflow of foreign capital associated with suchmass foreign investment caused the krona to greatly appreciate. Since the krona wasgreatly overvalued it made all imports in both goods and services very inexpensive for Icelanders the overvalued krona also made it a lot easier for Icelanders to borrow moneyfrom abroad. 3 The high interest rates, gargantuan capital inflow, and an appreciatedcurrency all aided in creating the economic boom that Iceland enjoyed for m both years ?This economic boom encouraged Icelanders to borrow from abroad and many a(prenominal) failed toforesee that such economic prosperity was limited and that a bust is inevitably going tofollow a boom. The pretermit of government oversight on the banking system also was an economicfactor that led to the financial crisis. One large problem with the Icelandic banking sector is that the banks became so large that the Icelandic government was unable to operate asa lender-of-last-resort simply because Iceland with its mere 300,000 people has a verysmall tax base. 4 At the end of 2006 the total assets of its banks grew to be nine measure aslarge as the countries GDP. It would name been less of a problem for the banks to be solarge if they had not remained domiciled in Iceland. It was perhaps too large and ideal of a goal for such a small country like Iceland to become an international financial center. Iceland was essentially acting like a firm when indeed they should have been lookingafter the economic stability of their whole country. The Icelandic government simplylacked the ability to financially sustain their banks in times of economic crisis. If some of the banks in Iceland had foreign lenders-of-last-res ort they might have been able toweather out the economic storm.Icelands economic growth model was mainly built upon foreigninvestors being able and willing to keep on giving. However, payable to the global economiccrisis foreign capital ceased coming in and when it did the myriad of public and privatedebt became quite evident. ? 6 Some analysts argue that problems with the krona have prevented Iceland from being able to control the financial crisis. Since Iceland does not have an effectual currency to manipulate they are largely unable to support the banks andhave no practical ways to earn d experience the inflation and interest rates, which have beenstaying in the double digits. This is just one of the many economic situations currentlyaffecting Iceland. Without a doubt the prime cause for Icelands financial crisis is largely theeconomic circumstances previously discussed. However, political factors such asIcelands relationship with Britain also played a role in exacerbating the crisis and preventing Iceland from any chance it might have had of financial viability. Iceland andBritain once had a very mutually beneficial friendship, which could be seen in that theywere NATO allies and frequent trading partners.However, as the global economic crisis began to take hold this friendship became tenuous at best. The problems between Icelandand Britain began in late 2008 when Britain, in an attempt to protect its financial assets inIceland, call on the carpet its 2008 anti-terrorism laws to freeze the British assets of a failingIcelandic bank. 8 Specifically Britain froze the assets of Landsbanki and seized the assetsof Kaupthing Singer & Friedlander. 9 The British seizure of Kaupthing Singer &Friedlander was followed shortly by the collapse of its parent bank, Kaupthing, which theIcelandic government had desperately been trying to keep viable.In many Icelanderseyes and certainly in the eyes of the Icelandic government Kaupthing was the last of theMohicans and its demise signaled the end of the Icelandic banking system ? The political decision to invoke anti-terrorism legislation against Iceland essentially branded it as a terrorist state, which in the eyes of every Icelander was athorough abuse of a small neighbor. Due to this one political action Iceland was listed onthe British Treasury Departments page with terrorist groups and states such as Al Qaeda,Sudan, and North Korea. 11At this point in the crisis the foreign capital inflows intoIceland were already dismal but this British action triggered an immediate freeze on anyremaining banking transactions between Iceland and abroad. Essentially no one wants todo business with a terrorist state. President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson stated that, It(Britain) was absolutely being a bully against a small country because I am absolutelycertain that if it was the case of France and Germany, the British government would nothave acted in the same way- absolutely not. The Icelandic Prime Minister at the time,Geir H.Haarde, believed that Gordon Brown had sacrificed Iceland for his own short-term political gain thereby turning a grave situation into a national disaster. 12 From the perspective of the Icelandic government their once cordial, neighborly relationship withBritain had been thoroughly abused to the point that a British foreign policy decision played an integral factor in the meltdown of the Icelandic financial sector Undoubtedly Britains political decisions affected the financial crisis in Iceland,yet, the Crisis in Iceland also greatly impacted Britains economic conditions.Like therest of the world, thanks to the downturn of the global economy Britain has beensuffering its own financial woes. When foreign capital inflows ceased in Iceland thiscaused the kronas value to fall, which led Icelandic banks to be unable to finance their debts most of which are in foreign currency. This realization by all of the foreigninvestors who were once so eager to invest created a mad rush to get their money out of the failing Icelandic banks.Unfortunately, Icelandic banks did not have proper reservesto cover the massive withdrawals leading all three of Icelands banks to be nationalized. 13 Regrettably many British universities, municipal governments, charities and hospitals had been lured in by the high interest rates to invest in Icelandic accounts. CambridgeUniversity had $20 million invested in Icelandic accounts period 15 British police forceshave approximately $170 million frozen in Iceland. 14Many groups that had invested inthe Icelandic banking sector had done so in the convenience of their own home states through the use of online investing sites such as Icesave. co. uk. On their website Icesavenow displays the message that We are not currently processing any deposits or withdrawal requests through out Icesave Internet accounts. We apologize for anyinconvenience this may cause our customers. 15 Certainly for large investors such asCambridge University this is much more than a small inconvenienceAt the center of Icelands financial troubles is that their banking sector was highlydependent upon a continued inflow of foreign capital. In turn, Icelands foreign investorswere also very dependent upon Icelands banks to maintain their viability. However,when the inflow of capital stopped the interdependence of Iceland and its investors became very clear. This is exemplified by the Icelandic-British relationship. Britishcitizens and companies alike had been ensorcelled by the call the of high interest rates inIceland.The viability of the banks was based largely on the ability to keep foreign capitalcoming into the country, which allowed the krona to appreciate. When the foreign creditmarket froze and investment decreased drastically the financial interdependence of Iceland and Britain manifested itself Icelands main pitfall and cause of its financial crisis is that they essentiallytreated their country as a firm and allowed the banking sector t o get far too hugeconsidering, as we have seen, that it had no financial stronghold to back it up.Althoughthe exaggerated banking sector and other economic factors created the financial crisis it wascertainly exacerbated by the failed diplomatic relationship between Iceland and Britain. Britains use of its antiterrorism legislation only made the economic woes of Icelandworse by essentially making it a pariah that should be avoided by the rest of theinternational community. In the end, Icelands financial practices had sown the seeds of their own destruction but the political actions of Britain ensured that it would be a longtime before Icelands financial sector will germinate once more.

Walt Disney as a leader

Walt Disney as a Leader Throughout the years, in the field of entertainment in that respect are very few people who have captured the eye of the public and made a name themselves. Walt Disney achieved this and much more, his name became a ren takeed sword and his success to the form of amusement parks around the world and iconic movies that continued to be passed down to be watched for generations, immortalizing his creations into the childhood of millions. Walt Disney presented himself as a attraction for pi aneering the world of animation into our day to day forms of entertainment.His imagination ead him to go beyond the limits of a simple cartoonist. He dreamt of a much larger picture and he knew his creativity could bring something great to this world. Through his ambitious and creative nature he created whole worlds and characters with stories for us to fall in love with. His unreformable placement and his optimism motivated cartoonist and animators alike, to aspire great d esigns in their careers despite what anyone else states against you. Walt Disney had always had big aspirations no matter how impossible it may have seemed he always worked his hardest to communicate his goals.His ambition motivated him to do the unthinkable, even when his melodic themes failed him he kept looking at the big picture. This mode of thinking blend in him to want to be the firstly person to create a full length animated This was in 1933 and at the era this goal seemed outrageous, no one believed it would succeed and that he would go bankrupt like in many of his other attempts at animation. But Walt Disney ignored these thoughts and stayed true to his vision, he hired only the most skilled cartoonists and began his tetrad year project. All the while ignoring the warnings about his imminent failure.Four years later his first full length doing, Snow white and the Seven Dwarfs was released in 1937. It became a sensation and the success spurred on Walt Disneys imagina tion into creating more films such as Bambi, Cinderella, 101 Dalmatians, Alice in Wonderland, The Lion King,(Warfield) and the list goes on. Walt Disneys ambition motivated him to expire his goal despite the criticism, and if he hadnt where would we be without these iconic movies? Creativity was one of Disneys many strong suits, his imagination drive to many conic creations that added a new train into the entertainment field.Walt Disney was a pioneer and innovator, and the professor of one of the most fertile and unique imaginations the world has ever known. (Brad) Hi creative mind set was one of the main factors that lead to his great success. Having always had an artistic interest, since he was Just a young boy he drew cartoons for his school newspaper and at times, when invited to, told stories to the class by drawing them out on the chalkboards in his classroom. His creativity grew in his studios, in the early days of is career it was located in his garage.He grew amicable of three mice that he latter took in as pets, he had a particular favorite who inspired the cartoon character Mickey Mouse. (Kraws) His imagination lead him to create one of the most iconic characters in the entertainment field. Mickey Mouse forever characterized as the face for Disneys name, one ot the greatest creations he made, torever immortalizing his commemorate and his future accomplishments. He also had an impulsive nature about him that often times turned to stubbornness when trying to bring his next vision to reality.During his production of Mary Poppins, it was originally meant to be a movie with only real actors. But Disney was struck with this idea of merging animation along with the real people, and idea every involved in the production, including the actors found absurd. Many objected the idea claiming it to be too high of risk. (lMDb) This time Walt Disney was not ignoring the words of Just critics but his own co-workers and partners. He went ahead and added the an imation to film despite the words of his team. The film was released in 1964 generating yet another wave of success in the Walt Disney Studios.Walt Disneys impulsive and stubborn nature could be viewed as one of his flaws but it often was that impulse to pursue the goals set by his imagination that fueled his stubborn nature to reach his goal despite of anyones advice. And that impulse usually lead to great creations that ended in success. Though optimism is not something that comes naturally to most people, Disney had an incredible way of visual perception the light at the end of the tunnel even in his darkest situations. Such as his early attempted projects like The Alice Comedies which ended when he and his company Laugh-O-Grams went bankrupt. Brad) take down having to face his past failure Disney still aimed to achieve greatness and he never let the negative parts of his demeanor cloud these ideals. His views on life was always bright and challenges never seemed to faze him. O ther parts of Disneys life were not as easy to get over, probably the most painful time of Walts private life, was the accidental death of his mother in 1938. Once Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released Walt and his brother Roy Disney, bought a home for their parents closer to their studio, but alas less than a month later Disneys mother died ofAsphyxiation due to a faulty furnace. (Brad) The accident haunted Disney for years but he continued on with his animations despite his grief and still believed life would get better. His optimistic attitude during the darkest of times motivated thousand of cartoonists and animators to persevere and make them believe in Disney could do it so could they. Throughout the challenged Walt Disney had faced, his ambition led him to achieve impossible goals, his creativity allowed him to imagine captivating stories, his stubbornness stuck him to his ideals and his optimism go him through the greatest challenges.A true extravagance for aspirin g cartoonist, animators and entertainers alike that greatness can be achieved with perseverance and motivation. He taught the world that creativity should be embraced and that imagination is a gift that can lead the world to achieve seemingly impossible goals. Few men have made such a mark on the world, and most not as memorable as Walt Disney. In his words, we keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things, because were curious and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths. (Rosenbaum) Walt Disney, a true leader and pioneer to the creative imagination.

Guitar Essay Essay

Throughout life, human beings are destined to have ups and downs in life like a rollercoaster. In Federico Garcia Lorcas lyric poem The Guitar, the vocalizer expresses sorrow and despair with imagery and personification of the guitar by relating life to an evening without morning, the desert sands, and the end of life for a bird. The most powerful message in the poem is that music can express our deepest losses and desires.In the lyric poem, The Guitar by Federico Garcia Lorca, the speaker uses symbolism to connect his emotions to the guitar. The description of the cries of the guitar as The evening without morning (22), gives the appraisal that his life is incomplete. This is important because it portrays that the speaker is missing a certain piece to complete the puzzle to his life. This intelligibly shows that his life is unfulfilled until he finds what hes looking for.In addition, the narrator expresses the deepest desires of the beautiful factor when he describes the warm southern sands/Desiring white camellias (19-20).This is significant as for the reason that flowers as immobilise and purifying as camellias cannot grow in deserted areas such as the hot blazing dry desert. Henceforth, the narrator can tries to convey the feeling that he may want something he cannot have. Therefore, the guitar weeps the heartfelt emotions through the monotonously rhythmic sound.Life is like a floating cloud, it drifts away in a while. In the lyric poem, The Guitar, Federico Garcia Lorca uses such a vivid visual when he describes the guitar weeping for an incredible creature when he states, And the first dead bird dead/upon a branch(23-24).The meaning is much related to truth as he depicts that expiration is inevitable. The narrator accentuates that angiotensin-converting enzyme cannot cheat death as it comes before one realizes it.To conclude, music has the ability to express a persons profounding loggings and personality. In Federico Garcia Lorcas lyric poem, T he Guitar, the speaker expresses his sorrow through literary analysis when he compares his life emotions to an evening without morning, the lonely desert sands, and the death of a bird through the weeps of the guitar.

Ap Bio Chapter 4 Course Learning Objectives

Chapter 4 CLO 1. A branch of chemistry dealing with compounds of Carbon. 2. Carbons has 4 valence electrons that undersurface urinate covalent bonds with others atoms (Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Carbon atoms mostly) to make large, complex and diverse organic molecules. 3. The vitamin C skeleton straggle in 4 areas, 1. Length 2. Branching 3. Double Bond Position 4. Presence of Rings. Carbon skeletons can reach reiterate bonds in different locations and also different numbers of double bonds. . Hydro carbon copys only pose enthalpy and carbon molecules, hence the name. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because they mostly consist of hydrogen and carbon bonds that have no charge, therefore dont attract additional bonds. 5. Isomers are compounds made up of the alike number of atoms and the same type of elements but configured differently, giving them different functions. There are 3 types of isomers, 1. Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of their bonds. 2.Geometric isome rs have different arrangement around a double bond due to the double bonds inflexibility for atoms to rotate around it. 3. Enantiomers isomers are reverberate images of each other due to the arrangement of atoms around an asymmetric carbon atom. 6. a. Hydroxyl multitude is a hydrogen atom and oxygen atom, which is bonded to a Carbon atom. Is polar because the electrons spend more time by the negative oygen atom. Helps dissolve organic compounds because of ability to form hydrogen bonds. b. Carbonyl group is a carbon atom that is double bonded to a oxygen atom.The 2 types of Carbonyl group compounds (Ketones and Aldehydes) can be morphologic isomers, which would furnish them different properties. c. Carboxyl group is a oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom and bonded to a OH group. Basically a combination of the Hydroxyl and Carbonyl groups. Acts as an acid. Has ability to give H+ atom due to polarity of the covalent bond of OH. Also has a charge of 1-, called process ion. d. Amino group is a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon atom.Acts as a base and can take the H+ from other compound. Also has a charge of 1+. e. Sulfhydryl group is a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, shaped like hydroxyl group. Can change protein structures by forming covalent bonds with another sulfhydryl group. f. Phosphate group is a phosphorus atom that is bonded to 4 oxygen atoms, two of which are negatively charged, one is bonded to the carbon atom and the last one is double bonded to the phosphorus. When at the end of a molecule the charge is 2-, when in a chain of phosphates the charge is 1-.Has potential to move around energy by reacting with water. g. Methyl group is a carbon atom attached to 3 hydrogen atoms and to a carbon or different atom. Affects the expression of genes by addition to DNA or molecules ensnare to DNA. The methyl groups arrangement affects the shape and function in male in young-bearing(prenominal) sex hormones. 7. The A TP functions as the primary energy transfer molecule by having a chemical reaction with water. ATP reacts with water by having a phosphate atom split off. This reaction releases energy that the jail cell can use.

Handle Information in Health and Social Care Setting Essay

1.1 The legislation that relates to recording storage and share of culture known as care plans is the Data Protection Act 1998. There are 8 principles to be followed when gathering data 1) processed fairly and lawfully 2) processed only for 1 or more lawful purpose 3) adequate and relevant 4) accurate and up to date 5) kept for no longer than necessary 6) processed in line with the right of the individual 7) secured against loss or aggrieve 8) not transferred to countries out of EEA. 1.2 It is important to have secure systems for recording and storing development to prevent personal information from being misused. Any information that has been gathered is confidential but written evidence may be required by other professionals on occasions. Also if new staff members arrive they can carry the care plans to gain all the information needed.2.1 I would follow my companys policies and procedures for guidance and advice about handling information but would to a fault speak to my dire ctors or Human resources office. Information can also be gained from government websites for advice or other professionals. 2.2 If there are concerns over the recording storing or communion of information i would document and report my concerns and secure all the information immediately.3.1 Agreed ways of on the job(p) relates to the companys and government policies in relation to Care Plans. All documents should be evaluated and reviewed regularly, updated as required, immaculate and legible so others are able to decipher them. 3.2 Agreed ways of working whena) Recording information would be to follow the companys and government policies to ensure all information gathered is accurate, legible, plump and confidential. b) Storing information all information that is gathered should be stored in locked filing cabinets that are only affectionate to the persons requiring access to information.

Leadership Essay

Vice Principal Mr. Leonard Curry entered the of import staffing office of the Academy and ordered a young teacher to get out into her class. Her quiet well-situated response was, I do not have a class now, sir.What was his rebuttal insisting that the order of business had been changed and it was her period to be teaching a 10th graders Biology class. She replied by asking if it were good for her to be informed in such a manner pointing out that a memo is the unobjectionable mode of transmitting such changes. This was followed by a gentle explanation she wanted to perform her duties without conflict. still he said that it was her responsibility to check out changes on the teachers assignment check off board from time to time. She reiterated that that was an unconstitutional approach since it was not stated like that in the bylaws of the school. They continued to represent with the principal threatening her with suspension for disintegration had she not complied. A disciplinary report was eventually filed for insubordination and disobeying the rule of law.Impact on credibilityPrincipal-Mr.Cury displayed a tendency towards an autocratic leadership style. Once how to get over the issue was lawful inscribed in the bylaws stipulating a particular way to inform about staffing changes it had to be adhered to. It would appear that the young teacher reminding him of it antagonized the situation. This is a challenge to his credibility.Communication-It is clear that there was a change of miss in terms of communication. The principal seemed to have erred. His reaction is to blame the young teacher for his mistake by imposing a penalty on her for his mistake. This is often a management strategic adopted in a autocratic culture.Power of influencein this situation the power of influence lay in the position or status of principal. The principal used it to make himself look respectable while modelling blame onto unsuspecting immature teacher.

Airline Industry Bangladesh Essay

ABSTRACT send off remove is unrivaled of the close dynamic and fastest growing superman systems. Formation of regional and sub-regional co- routine impart fork out a epochal influence on style directation system. Realizing the potential of p arntage transportation in the country and region, afterward the recent air transport deregulation in Bangladesh, a number of cloistered air passage companies work started their mathematical branch which results in a damp and emulous market. The stem focuses on the impacts of privatization on zephyr pains of Bangladesh. This paper presents the results of a arna on the comparison among respective(a) hugger-mugger and public skyway companies and analyses their problems and tenders some guidelines for their development. The results show that the depict represent of the cloistered respiratory tracts is 40 percent lower than the same for public airlines. The results of this bailiwick depose be used by the South and So utheast Asian countries to develop policies in this regard. penetration Privatization of the airlines is more loosely known as deregulation of the airlines industry. In the last two decades air transport world have witnessed dramatic castrates in the deregulation in this sector. The movements towards the deregulation of the air transportation industries with the 1978 deregulating mannerline Act have of importly altered the operating(a) environment for the firms providing rider and cargo transportation related run. With the airline deregulation, airlines were permitted to choose the routes and f bes. These changes have had profound effects on many aspects of airline operations, specially transferrals, level of service and routing. Through privatization of air transportation in Bangladesh the brass has opened up a new horizon.To achieve a competitive environment and maximize the benefit, private airlines can control their master of operation, effectively pursue address reduc tion measures, and generate extenditional demand through improved services and reasonable fargons. By providing improved level of service and lower get laid the private airlines may do new demand which will result in unit be reduction and allow come on fare reductions and service improvement. This virtuous circle should continue to strengthen the position of the operators and increase consumers benefit. Moreover, recent veers in the development of regional and sub-regional co-operation together with foreign investments in remote areas will have a significant influence on air transportation system.These cooperative frameworks will demand dynamic changes both in routing and scheduling of air transportation. Public airlines are incapable of dealing with these changes due to their bureaucratic structure and lack of motivation. To develop the policies for privatization and regulation of air transportation market it is necessary to analyze various aspects of the system. This paper focuses on the potentiality of the private air transport operators in Bangladesh. The paper has been prepared on the basis of a detailed study on demand and supply of air transportation in the country (Karim, 1998). The paper discusses the impact of deregulation on distinct cost items of airline operation. The aggregate cost of operating the airlines has been nonintegrated into major cost items. Then comparison is made among public and private airline operators on the basis of these cost items. The paper also identifies several areas where becoming regulations are commandd for the overall melioration of the system.The objective of the study is to investigate the potentiality of the changes brought near by privatization in air transportation in Bangladesh. The results will help the operators in the industry to develop their strategies. As the East, Southeast and South Asia are judge to hump a high economic development as well as a press towards service and hi-tech industrie s, their demand for air transportation is also expected to increase accordingly. In this regard, the results of this study are important for these countries also.AIR ecstasy AND AIRLINES IN BANGLADESH The domestic air transportation network in Bangladesh is comprised of 8 conventional (full-size) airports, 8 airports for STOL (Short-Take-Off and Landing) aircraft including two airports at a lower place construction. The 8 conventional airports, which are used for commercial-grade purpose, handle widely varying traffic quite a littles. The declamatoryst airport is Zia International airport near Dhaka and the smallest one is Coxs Bazar airport. The close important corridors, as measured by air rider volumes, are those between Dhaka, at one end, and Chittagong, Jessore, Sylhet at the other end. At present there are five airlines operating in Bangladesh. They comprise one public airline and quaternary private airlines. The stir owned national carrier, Biman Bangladesh Airline (B BA), is the oldest and has been the except operator in domestic arena until the recent past. It has generally been a losing concern contributed by many factors that could include inappropriate size of aircraft to handle low volume of demand, insufficient level of operation and inefficient management.Although air transport carries only a small put of total passenger and cargo movement in the country, its relative importance is much high if aspects much(prenominal) as value of the product as well as time, speed and efficiency of the alternative modes are considered. Realizing its importance and considering the opportunities that exist, private airline companies (PACs) have now joined the fray of enticing domestic passengers and freights. This trend in domestic air transportation market is expected to reduce the monopoly of BBA and discharge air transport mode a better as well as competitive one for domestic transportation.Biman Bangladesh Airlines and four independent airline com panie s are regulated by the government authority named Civil atmosphere Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB). Fares are subjected to the approval of CAAB and certain minimum standards of service are imposed on the airline companies. Initially the fares of private airlines were 39 to 50 percent high as compared to that of BBA. Recently BBA has increased its fare by 25 percent. Although it seems that the fares of the private airlines are higher than the same of BBA, the demand of private airlines has been increasing. This may be caused by better quality of service which include promptity, regularity, improved customer services and lower postponement time. INTRODUCTION OF PRIVATE AIRLINE COMPANIES In October 1993 the CAAB advertised for applications from the interested parties to start airline operation. Although about 50 organizations submitted their proposals, the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) permitted twenty-seven of them to operate. Three of them have already started carrying pass engers and one has ventured into cargo transportation.These airlines tended to blend very hot and the passengers who used to break down by Biman for so long have started showing their interest in travelling by private airlines in domestic routes. A brief description of these airlines is given in the side by side(p) section, which is also summarized in send back 1. Aero Bengal Airlines (ABA) Aero Bengal Airlines was the first private airlines in the country and started its flight operation on Dhaka-Barisal route with two Chinese build 17-seater Y -12 aircraft. Later a leased Russian strengthened 48-seater N-24 aircraft was included in ABA fleet for the operation in Dhaka-Sylhet and Dhaka-Chittagong routes. Air Parabat The airline has started commercial flight operation with two brand new Czech-built 19-seater LET L410 aircraft on all the routes operated by Biman (except Ishurdi). It is now planning to add terms like Thakurgaon, Lalmonirhat, Shamshernagar to its network in ne ar succeeding(a) after procuring two more Czech-built LET L410 aircraft.Air Parabat has appointed Airspan as its General Sales Agent (GSA) which will be responsible for all the advertise and customer services for Air Parabat and in this way they are saving their overhead expenditure. At the moment, it is operating realiseably and has no dues owed to the CAAB. The airline is expecting to recover their investment in 7 long time. GMG Airlines Starting operation of commercial flights in early 1998, GMG airlines have emerged as the leading private airlines in Bangladesh. GMG started with Canadian manufactured Bombardier built 37-seater full- fledged aircraft. It operates a number of flights in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore, and Barisal every day and has plans to fatten the network of destinations at menage and aboard. The airline has signed an inter- line traffic agreement with British Airways (BA) enabling them to sell tickets to different destination of the world via BA. GMG Airlines have already made an investment of Tk. 1.00 billion (US$ 20 million).It has also planned to opening wings overseas and already sought authorization from the government to operate in international destinations. This is a good planning because if GMG make progress and can operate South Asian countries, they would probably become the leading private airline in the region. Omni Airlines This airline only deals with cargo operation. Most of the cases the company provide the logistic support via using aircraft of other companies. It has also started air cargo operation for international destinations. During the devastating flood of 1998 when most of the national highways and railways were inundated and surface transportation became inoperable, many exporters especially garments manufacturers used the airline to transport their product to the port.Table 1 presents a comparison among the inventories of BBA and PACs. This comparison indicates that BBA operates at lower rouse fact or with respect to PACs. This may be caused by the size of aircraft, which seems to be too large for low level of air travel demand existing in the country. Table 1 muniment of the Airline Companies Operating in Bangladesh. Name of the airlines Biman Bangladesh Airlines Aero Bengal Ailines Air Parabat Limited GMG Airlines Year of Starting Service 1972 No of Aircraft 4 Type of Aircraft F-28 ATP AN-24 Y-12 LET-410 UVPE. DASH 8SRS 100 No. of seats 85 70 48 17 19 37 No of weekly flights 68 Avg. Pass. freightage factor 55-60% (approx.) 75-80% (approx.) 80-85% (approx.) 80-85% (approx.) Avg. No. of Pass. (Weekly) 5134July, 1995 January, 1998 April, 19983 2 218 56 351016 1294 1520For the three PACs the sizes of the aircrafts seem to be more preferable for paid operation. Figure 1 illustrates as comparison of usage among BBA and PACs in the domestic routes. In most important routes BBA is still dominant whereas in other routes passenger movement of BBA and PACs are almost same. In the D haka-Barishal (BZL) route the number of passengers carried by PCAs is higher than the same for BBA because the last mentioned does not operate regularly in the route. 1500 No. of Passenger 1200 900 600 300 0CHI ZYL JSR SPD RAJ CXB BZLBBA Air Parabat Aero Baegal GMG AirlinesFigure 1 Passenger Movement par between BBA and PACs AIRLINE OPERATION COST IN BANGLADESH In this section, the cost of operating airlines in Bangladesh is analyzed. The costs for public and private airliners are analyzed severally to facilitate comparison between them. Here the cost elements are calculated on the basis of bonnie monthly costs because certain data supplied by various airlines are monthly data for different cost items. This cost is transformed into the cost per passenger for different routes. For the development of cost function cabaret principal cost elements are included in the analysis. The cost uncertains included on the analysis are shown in Table 2. The values of these variables are cal culated on the basis of twenty-two secondary cost factors, which are also mentioned along with the principal cost variables in the table. For the analysis, data has been collected for several years for all the routes considered in the study. Table 2 equal Elements Analyzed in the Study with their Notations equal Elements administrative address Maintenance Cost Marketing Cost Civil atmosphere Charges Running cost swell Cost Contingency Cost Procurement Cost Profit Important Cost Elements To describe the supply analysis conveniently all the costs are grouped under two heading that is to say Total Operating and Maintenance Cost (TOMC) and Total Cost (TC). TOMC includes administrative, maintenance, Civil Aviation charges, running, gravid and merchandising costs and TC includes TOMC, contingency and procurement cost.Among the nine principal cost elements, running cost is the most important one (on an average 39 percent of TOMC. Other important cost elements are capital cost (33 pe rcent) and maintenance cost (19 percent). Small variation in these figures will result in a significant change in operators revenue and profit. Among the nine cost elements administrative, Civil Aviation charges and marketing cost do not vary significantly although these costs includes both fixed and variable cost. Fixed cost is the main portion of these costs because these costs dont vary greatly with the increase in the number of flights or distances traveled. Effects of Scale of Operation on the Cost Elements exploitation small-scale aircrafts, civil aviation charges and capital cost can be saved significantly. For larger aircrafts great charges are imposed by the Civil Aviation Authority. Similarly, capital cost is a function of cost per hour of operation and load factor, which also depend on the size of the aircraft. For example, private airlines use relatively smaller size of aircraft that results in savings of 20 percent of civil aviation charges.Also by using smaller airc rafts these airlines are able to attain higher load factor than BBA. repayable to higher load factor the capital cost per passenger reduces significantly. For the same reason a small amount of maintenance and running cost can also be saved. Although BBA purchased larger sized aircrafts to operate in domestic routes to achieve scale economy, it seems that smaller aircrafts are more suitable due to low air travel demand in the country. Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 Secondary cost components No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), cargo factor (I) No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) Night surcharge (Ns), Hanger charge (Hn ), Cost of parking charges (Pa), Landing (La), Security charges (Su) and Navigation charges (N a). Cost fuel per liter (Fu), fuel consumption of aircraft per hour(Fc), Trip distance of travel (TD) Fleet size (La), transient time of aircraft (Ft ), Cruising speed of aircraft (Sp ) To tal cost Number of flights (Fl) Total cost (TC)C5 C6 C7 C8 C9One of the major cost items of air transportation for both types of operator is unexpected accident or technical fault of aircraft during the operation period. Contingency and procurement cost are 15 percent and 12 percent of TC respectively. If operators can maintain their aircraft more efficiently they can enjoy significant savings in these areas also. Cost Comparison between Public and Private Airlines Comparison between the public and private airlines on the basis of various cost items is given in Table 3. The values in the table represent the ratio between cost per passenger for BBA and average of the same for PACs for all the cost elements discussed earlier.It shows that the costs incurred by BBA are higher for all the cost elements. The differences are very prominent for administrative cost, maintenance cost and civil aviation charges. The negative ratios for the case of profit imply that for BBA the total cost is h igher than fare, which results in losses for the airline. Table 3 Ratio between the Costs of Public and Private Airlines on the basis of cost elements. Routes DAC-CHI DAC-ZYL DAC-JSR DAC-SPD DAC-RJH DAC-CXB DAC-BZL Adm Cost (C 1 ) 1.6 1.58 1.66 1.88 1.89 1.93 1.51 Maint Cost (C 2 ) 1.37 1.31 1.39 1.56 1.57 1.44 1.14 Aviat. Charge (C 3 ) 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.19 1.19 1.24 1.24 Run. Cost (C 4 ) 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.03 1.39 1.04 1.04 Capit. Cost (C 5 ) 1.04 1.07 0.98 1.14 1.28 1.11 1.03 Mark. Cost (C 6 ) 1.15 1.11 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.11 1.12 Cont. Cost (C 7 ) 1.17 1.22 1.19 1.06 1.26 1.08 1.41 Proc. Cost (C 8 ) 1.23 1.21 1.14 1.09 1.25 1.09 1.23Profit (C 9 ) -3.46 +.01 -2.38 -1.46 -1.16 +0.26 -1.36IMPACTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AIR TRANSPORTATION IN BANGLADESH The introduction of PACs in the aviation sector of Bangladesh is expected to bring about some short and long-term effects in the air transportation sector of Bangladesh, at least in the domestic routes. These effects are discussed below. Making Profit Oriented Service Introduction of private airline in Bangladesh will compel the state-owned BBA to be a profit-oriented organization rather than being only service oriented because the plane journey is made by the rich who do not require any subsidy. The competition is also expected to improve level of service. Increase in Fare prosecute a wrong policy, the fares charged by BBA in domestic have always been less than the actual cost which resulted in huge losses (over US$ 4 million in 1997). Private airline imposes a higher fare pressuring Biman to increase fare. It increased fare by 15% in July 1996 and could make up losses of about US$ 1 million annually. In 1998 BBA again raised fare so that it can reach breakeven point and make profit on the domestic sector. Improvement of guest ServiceDue to the introduction of private airlines, the customer facilities have improved a lot. Customers seem to be very satisfied with the overall services provided by the private airlines. Pri vate airlines provide regular and punctual services with less waiting time and, very easy and informal ticket confirming process that improves the level of service of the operation. Better Competitive Market In case of GMG Airlines the promoters have sought for permission from the government to operate air service on the international routes. Government is considering to accord permission to private airlines so that they can operate service among SAARC countries. In that case the government of SAARC nations will have to change their rules allowing more than one carrier of each country to operate air service among SAARC nations.All these changes will make the domestic as well as r gional air travel market a very e competitive one and this open air policy will construct a good future for the coming private airlines in this market. REGULATIONS NEEDED FOR PRIVATE AIRLINES Although PACs have shown a great a potential to improve the airline market of Bangladesh into a better competitive m ode, but there exist some issues which should be carefully considered to develop a better future for the industry. Some of these issues are discussed in the following section. Schedule Problem in low Demand Routes Due to insufficient demand in some domestic routes, sometimes private airlines have failed to maintain their schedules properly or stopped operation in those routes.This may hamper future expansion in these routes. Government may consider subsidizing these routes. Choice of Aircraft One of the dominant factors of airline transmission line is the appropriate size of aircraft. simply some airlines have failed to procure proper and suitable aircraft for their operation. They have purchased aircrafts those are too backdated for safe and profitable operation. Proper advice and guidance are required in this regard. Development of long-term Strategic Plan object GMG Airlines others have no long-term strategy or any specific future plan to expand and develop their operation. T hese airlines even had not even made any feasibility study before they started their business. As airline industry requires huge capital investment, long term strategies are vital for survival in the business. Level of Service Standards In some cases the private airlines have failed to improve quality service especially in the case of passenger compensation. Government should make strict regulation in this regard and regain consumers right.Poor Performance in Analyzing the Current ConditionThe PCAs do not have good usher keeping mechanism and thus unable to make routine performance evaluation or at least analyze or check the current cost and revenue conditions. Due to lack of experience in the aviation market, these new airline companies sometimes ignore the basic management principles. Lack of adequate consideration in this area may lead to financial and management crisis. Safety Aspect For profit maximization purpose, private airlines may neglect the precaution issue, which is the most important factor of airline business in terms of reliability. Civil Aviation authority must impose some strict guidelines and safety precautions for providing the service on the private companies. At present twenty-seven airlines have the permission to operate in the domestic routes of Bangladesh. For the success of privatization policy it is essential for the airlines currently in operation to present a better and efficient performance. As the air travel demand in the country is still very low, launch of too many operators may jeopardize the situation.Also proper training related to the technology and systems privation to be arranged. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive review of the potentiality of privatization of domestic air transportation system of Bangladesh has been presented in this paper. The short-term trend suggests that the private airlines have a great opportunity in the domestic air travel market of the country. Their performances are quite satisfactory. There stil l exist a lot of path for improvement. This paper is concluded by addressing some implications in the light of the results of this study. (1)The trends in domestic air travel demand in Bangladesh suggest that in near future private airline companies will die hard the domestic market. (2) The operating costs of government operators are about 25-30 percent higher than those of the private operators under the same level of service. (3) From the cost elements it is evident that the administrative and maintenance costs of the public airline are significantly higher than the same for private airlines. This is indicative of the lack of management efficiency existing in the country.(4) Due to the introduction of private airlines the consumers benefit has increased significantly. (5) Although the private air line companies have so far performed quite satisfactorily, for betterment of aviation industry of the country and success of privatization policy of the government, some regulations t ake in to be imposed. For this purpose a governing and advisory organization is required. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to the private airline companies as well as to the authority of Biman Bangladesh Airline for their help during the course of this study.REFERENCESBBS (1996), statistical Y Book of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. ear Karim, D.M. (1998), A Study on Demand and Supply of internal Air Transportation in Bangladesh, Research Project Report, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, Dhaka.

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